ÿþ<html xmlns:v="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:vml" xmlns:o="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" xmlns:w="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:word" xmlns:m="http://schemas.microsoft.com/office/2004/12/omml" xmlns:st1="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40"> <head> <meta http-equiv=Content-Type content="text/html; charset=unicode"> <meta name=ProgId content=Word.Document> <meta name=Generator content="Microsoft Word 12"> <meta name=Originator content="Microsoft Word 12"> <link rel=File-List href="transition_files/filelist.xml"> <link rel=Edit-Time-Data href="transition_files/editdata.mso"> <!--[if !mso]> <style> v\:* {behavior:url(#default#VML);} o\:* {behavior:url(#default#VML);} w\:* {behavior:url(#default#VML);} .shape {behavior:url(#default#VML);} </style> <![endif]--> <title>Prof. Arye L.Hillman</title> <o:SmartTagType namespaceuri="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" name="PlaceType"/> <o:SmartTagType 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style='mso-yfti-irow:0;mso-yfti-firstrow:yes'> <td style='padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt'> <h1 align=left style='margin-top:12.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:.25in; margin-left:0in;text-align:left'><span style='font-size:14.0pt;mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></h1> <h1 align=left style='margin-top:12.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:.25in; margin-left:0in;text-align:left'><span style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana'>Arye L. Hillman, <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:PlaceName w:st="on">Bar-Ilan</st1:PlaceName> <st1:PlaceType w:st="on">University</st1:PlaceType></st1:place><o:p></o:p></span></h1> <h1 align=left style='margin-top:12.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:.25in; margin-left:0in;text-align:left'><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>Publications by topic</span><span style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-family:Verdana'><o:p></o:p></span></h1> <div style='mso-element:para-border-div;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0in 0in 1.0pt 0in'> <p class=MsoNormal style='border:none;mso-border-bottom-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; padding:0in;mso-padding-alt:0in 0in 1.0pt 0in'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p> </div> <h1 align=left style='margin-top:12.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:.25in; margin-left:0in;text-align:left'><span style='font-size:14.0pt'>3. SOCIALISM AND TRANSITION<o:p></o:p></span></h1> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:38.15pt;text-indent:-.25in;mso-list: l0 level2 lfo2'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:Verdana;mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>3.1<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp; </span></span></span><![endif]><span dir=LTR></span><span style='font-size: 9.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif"'>Surveys<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:38.15pt;text-indent:-.25in;mso-list: l0 level2 lfo2'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:Verdana;mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>3.2<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp; </span></span></span><![endif]><span dir=LTR></span><span style='font-size: 9.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif"'><span style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span>Rents and transition<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:38.15pt;text-indent:-.25in;mso-list: l0 level2 lfo2'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:Verdana;mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>3.3<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp; </span></span></span><![endif]><span dir=LTR></span><span style='font-size: 9.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif"'><span style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span>Privatization<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:38.15pt;text-indent:-.25in;mso-list: l0 level2 lfo2'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:Verdana;mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>3.4<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp; </span></span></span><![endif]><span dir=LTR></span><span style='font-size: 9.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif"'><span style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span>International trade policy in transition<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:38.15pt;text-indent:-.25in;mso-list: l0 level2 lfo2'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:Verdana;mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>3.5<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp; </span></span></span><![endif]><span dir=LTR></span><span style='font-size: 9.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif"'><span style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span>Public finance in transition<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:38.15pt;text-indent:-.25in;mso-list: l0 level2 lfo2'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:Verdana;mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>3.6<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp; </span></span></span><![endif]><span dir=LTR></span><span style='font-size: 9.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif"'><span style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span>Other aspects of transition<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:76.3pt;text-indent:-.5in;mso-list:l0 level3 lfo2'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family: Verdana;mso-bidi-font-family:Verdana'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>3.6.1<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span><![endif]><span dir=LTR></span><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif"'>The rule of law<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:76.3pt;text-indent:-.5in;mso-list:l0 level3 lfo2'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family: Verdana;mso-bidi-font-family:Verdana'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>3.6.2<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span><![endif]><span dir=LTR></span><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif"'>Economic statistics in the transition<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:76.3pt;text-indent:-.5in;mso-list:l0 level3 lfo2'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family: Verdana;mso-bidi-font-family:Verdana'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>3.6.3<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span><![endif]><span dir=LTR></span><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif"'>Country studies<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:6.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom: 6.0pt;margin-left:0in'><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif"'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif"'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoNormal><span style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Arial Unicode MS"'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style='mso-yfti-irow:1'> <td style='padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt'> <p><b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif"'>3.1 SURVEYS<o:p></o:p></span></b></p> <p><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif"'>Political-economy issues were at the fore of studies of the transition from socialism in the 1990s, although not always treated as such. Policies with regard to privatization in particular had the political-economy attribute of distributing wealth in accord with ability to influence decisions of policymakers.<span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>  </span>Much of my research on transition took place in the course of cooperation with researchers from the World Bank and includes two co-edited volumes published by the World Bank. [1], [2], and [3] are surveys. [1] <span class=GramE>was</span> written early in the transition. [2] <span class=GramE>was</span> written when it was clearer that the  transition would on-going for some time; the paper was published in Russian (and subsequently in English), with the intention of informing Russian researchers of the premises and predictions of the public-choice school. [3] <span class=GramE>is</span> a more philosophical overview written more than a decade after the transition began, asking what was intended by  transition and how would we know that  transition was over.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p style='margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.5in'><span style='font-size:9.0pt; font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif"'>[1]  <a href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=MImg&amp;_imagekey=B6V97-46383PF-D-4&amp;_cdi=5891&amp;_orig=browse&amp;_coverDate=05%2F31%2F1994&amp;_sk=999899998&amp;wchp=dGLbVtb-lSzBA&amp;_acct=C000047720&amp;_version=1&amp;_userid=1005079&amp;md5=3761a2a9bd02bb635e4ecfce72da033a&amp;ie=f.pd%20"><span style='text-decoration:none;text-underline:none'>The transition from socialism: An overview from a political-economy perspective</span></a> ,<em><span style='font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif"'> </span></em><em><b><span style='font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";font-style:normal'>European Journal of Political Economy</span></b></em><em><span style='font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif"'>,</span></em> May 1994, 10, 191  225. Special issue, festschrift in honor of Peter Bernholz, edited by Manfred <span class=SpellE>Gärtner</span> and Heinrich W. Ursprung.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p style='margin-top:6.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:6.0pt;margin-left: .5in;text-indent:-.5in'><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif"'>[2]  Western economic theory and the transition: The public choice perspective .<span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>  </span><em><b><span style='font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";font-style:normal'>Economics and Mathematical Methods (Journal of the Central Economic and Mathematical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences)</span></b></em> 1996, 32, 77-90 in Russian, translated by Mark Levin.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p style='margin-top:6.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:6.0pt;margin-left: .5in'><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif"'>Published in English in: <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p style='margin-top:6.0pt;margin-right:.25in;margin-bottom:6.0pt;margin-left: 1.25in;text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo4'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family:Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>·<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span><![endif]><span dir=LTR></span><em><b><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";font-style:normal'><a href="%20http:/www.springer.de/cgi/svcat/search_book.pl?isbn=3-540-63710-9&amp;currency=Euro&amp;language=English&amp;lastResult=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springer.de%2Fsearch97cgi%2Fs97_cgi%3F%26fulltextQuery%3DHillman%26fulltextOperator%3D%253C%2523AND%253E%26umlaute%25%20"><span style='color:windowtext;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none'>Trade, Growth, and Economic Policy in Open Economies: Essays in Honor of Hans-<span class=SpellE>Jürgen</span> <span class=SpellE>Vosgerau</span></span></a></span></b></em><em><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif"'>,</span></em><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif"'> Karl-Josef Koch and Klaus Jaeger, editors, Springer, 1998, pp. 351  367.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p style='margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.5in'><span style='font-size:9.0pt; font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif"'>[3]  Interpretations of transition .<span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>  </span>In <em><b><span style='font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif"; font-style:normal'><a href="http://www.wkap.nl/prod/b/1-4020-7550-2?a=1"><span style='color:windowtext;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none'>Political Economy of Transition and Development: Institutions, Politics, and Policies</span></a></span></b></em>, <span class=SpellE>Nauro</span> F. Campos and Jan Fidrmuc (Eds.), Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, 2003, pp. 23  40.</span><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana'> <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p><b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif"'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></b></p> <p><b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif"'>3.2 RENTS AND TRANSITION<o:p></o:p></span></b></p> <p style='margin-top:6.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:6.0pt;margin-left: 0in'><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif"'>The transition in Bulgaria in the immediate aftermath of the end of communism provides the background for [4]. [5] <span class=GramE>explains</span> the extended transition as due to the distractions provided by the various rents that the transition created: the paper began as a background paper for a World Bank <em><span style='font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";font-style: normal'>World Development Report.</span></em> [6] <span class=GramE>describes</span> the rents that arose through the privatization of banks and introduction of financial markets.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p style='margin-top:6.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:6.0pt;margin-left: .5in;text-indent:-.5in'><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif"'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p> <p style='margin-top:6.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:6.0pt;margin-left: .5in;text-indent:-.5in'><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif"'>[4<span class=GramE>]<span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>  </span> </span>The private sector, state enterprises, and informal economic activity .<span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>  </span>In <em><b><span style='font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif"; font-style:normal'><a href="http://publications.worldbank.org/ecommerce/catalog/product?item_id=200330"><span style='color:windowtext;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none'>Financing Government in Transition, Bulgaria: The Political Economy of Tax Policies, Tax Bases, and Tax Evasion</span></a></span></b></em>, }eljko Bogeti and Arye L. Hillman (Eds.), The World Bank, Washington, D.C., 1995, pp. 47  70.<span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>  </span><span class=SpellE>Lubomir</span> <span class=SpellE>Mitov</span> and R. Kyle Peters, co-authors.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p style='margin-top:6.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:6.0pt;margin-left: 0in;text-indent:.5in'><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif"'>Summarized in:<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p style='margin-top:6.0pt;margin-right:.25in;margin-bottom:6.0pt;margin-left: 1.25in;text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo4'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family:Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>·<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span><![endif]><span dir=LTR></span><span style='font-size: 9.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif"'> <a href="http://econwpa.wustl.edu/eps/pe/papers/0510/0510010.pdf"><span style='text-decoration:none;text-underline:none'>Privatizing profits of Bulgaria s state enterprises</span></a> , <b>Transition</b> March 1995, 6, 4  6. }eljko Bogeti co-author. <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p style='margin-top:6.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:6.0pt;margin-left: .5in;text-indent:-.5in'><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif"'>[5<span class=GramE>]<span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>  </span> </span><a href="books/Rents%20as%20distractions.pdf"><span style='text-decoration:none; text-underline:none'>Rents as distractions: Why the exit from transition is prolonged .</span></a><span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>  </span>In: <em><b><span style='font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";font-style:normal'><a href="http://www.springer.de/cgi/svcat/search_book.pl?isbn=3-540-64008-8&amp;currency=Euro&amp;language=English&amp;lastResult=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springer.de%2Fsearch97cgi%2Fs97_cgi%3F%26fulltextQuery%3DHillman%26fulltextOperator%3D%253C%2523AND%253E%26umlaute%3Do%20"><span style='color:windowtext;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none'>Economic Interdependence and Cooperation in Europe</span></a></span></b></em><em><span style='font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif"'>,</span></em> Nicolas C. <span class=SpellE>Baltas</span>, George Demopoulos, and Joseph Hassid (Eds.), Springer, 1998, 21  38. Alan Gelb and Heinrich W. Ursprung, co-authors.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p style='margin-top:6.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:6.0pt;margin-left: 1.0in;text-indent:-.5in'><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif"'>Based on:<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p style='margin-top:6.0pt;margin-right:.25in;margin-bottom:6.0pt;margin-left: 1.25in;text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo4'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family:Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>·<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span><![endif]><span dir=LTR></span><span style='font-size: 9.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif"'>Rents and the transition, <em><span style='font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";font-style:normal'>World Development Report Background Paper</span></em><em><span style='font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"'>,</span></em> The World Bank, Washington D.C., April 1996<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p style='margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.5in'><span style='font-size:9.0pt; font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif"'>[6<span class=GramE>]<span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>  </span> </span>The political economy of banking sector reform in the transition .<span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>  </span>In:<em><b><span style='font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";font-style:normal'> <a href="http://titles.cambridge.org/catalogue.asp?isbn=0521640377"><span style='color:windowtext;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none'>Financial Sector Transformation: Lessons from Economies in Transition</span></a></span></b></em><em><span style='font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif"'>,</span></em> edited by Mario <span class=SpellE>Blejer</span> and Marko <span class=SpellE>`kreb</span>, Cambridge University Press, New York, 1999, 132  149.<span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>  </span>Heinrich W. Ursprung co-author.</span><b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif"'><o:p></o:p></span></b></p> <p><b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif"'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></b></p> <p><b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif"'>3.3 PRIVATIZATION<o:p></o:p></span></b></p> <p style='margin-top:6.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:6.0pt;margin-left: 0in'><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif"'> Market socialist type economic systems that attempted to preserve the paternalism of socialism while introducing markets confronted inherent dilemmas [7]. The dilemmas are also the theme of the symposium in [8]. [9] <span class=GramE>recounts</span> methods used for privatization and emphasizes the redistribution of wealth and income inherent in privatization and market liberalization. [10] <span class=GramE>applies</span> the theory of clubs to describe socialism and the changes of the transition (where people were losing their  clubs because of privatization and market liberalization). Also, in the transition people benefited who had under socialism been assigned to disadvantageous clubs.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p style='margin-top:6.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:6.0pt;margin-left: .5in;text-indent:-.5in'><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif"'>[7<span class=GramE>]<span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>  </span>Liberalization</span> dilemmas.<span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>  </span>In<em><b><span style='font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";font-style:normal'> <a href="http://www.wkap.nl/prod/b/0-7923-9135-7"><span style='color:windowtext; text-decoration:none;text-underline:none'>Markets and Politicians: Politicized Economic Choice</span></a></span></b></em><em><span style='font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif"'>,</span></em> edited by A.L. Hillman, Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1991, chapter 10, pp. 189  207.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p style='margin-top:6.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:6.0pt;margin-left: .5in;text-indent:-.5in'><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif"'>[8<span class=GramE>]<span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>  </span>Debate</span> on the transition of post-communist economies to a market economy, <span class=SpellE><em><b><span style='font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif"; font-style:normal'>Acta</span></b></em></span><em><b><span style='font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif";font-style:normal'> <span class=SpellE>Oeconomica</span> (Journal of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences)</span></b></em> 1992, 44, 285  289.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p style='margin-top:6.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:6.0pt;margin-left: .5in;text-indent:-.5in'><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif"'>[9<span class=GramE>]<span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>  </span>Progress</span> with privatization, <em><b><span style='font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif"; font-style:normal'>Journal of Comparative Economics</span></b></em><em><span style='font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif"'>,</span></em> December 1992, 16, 733  749.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p style='margin-top:6.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:6.0pt;margin-left: .5in;text-indent:-.5in'><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif"'>[10<span class=GramE>]<span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>  </span></span><a href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=MImg&amp;_imagekey=B6V97-458XMMS-10-1&amp;_cdi=5891&amp;_orig=browse&amp;_coverDate=08%2F31%2F1993&amp;_sk=999909996&amp;wchp=dGLbVtb-lSztW&amp;_acct=C000046180&amp;_version=1&amp;_userid=856235&amp;md5=78b634eddfa49182942a174bd1986574&amp;ie=f.pd%20"><span style='text-decoration:none;text-underline:none'>Socialist clubs: A perspective on the transition</span></a>, <em><b><span style='font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif";font-style:normal'>European Journal of Political Economy</span></b></em><em><span style='font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif"'>,</span></em> 1993, 9, 307  319.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p style='margin-top:6.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:6.0pt;margin-left: .5in;text-indent:-.5in'><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif"'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p> <p><b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif"'>3.4 INTERNATIONAL TRADE POLICY IN TRANSITION<o:p></o:p></span></b></p> <p style='margin-top:6.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:6.0pt;margin-left: 0in'><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif"'>The system international trade among communist countries created impediments to trade liberalization. [11], [12a] and [12b] describe the subsequent difficulties of international trade when the communist system of planned suddenly ended. [13] <span class=GramE>is</span> about policy commitment. [14a] and [14b] extend this theme.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p style='margin-top:6.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:6.0pt;margin-left: .5in;text-indent:-.5in'><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif"'>[11] Creating the reform-resistant dependent economy: Socialist comparative advantage, enterprise incentives and the CMEA.<span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>  </span>In:<em><b><span style='font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif"; font-style:normal'> <a href="http://publications.worldbank.org/ecommerce/catalog/product?item_id=218991"><span style='color:windowtext;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none'>The Transition from Socialism in Eastern Europe: Domestic Restructuring and Foreign Trade</span></a></span></b></em><em><span style='font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif"'>,</span></em> Arye L. Hillman and Branko Milanovic (Eds.), The World Bank, Washington, DC, 1992, chapter 10, pp. 243  262.<span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>  </span>Adi Schnytzer co-author.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p style='margin-top:6.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:6.0pt;margin-left: .5in;text-indent:-.5in'><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif"'>[12a] The transition from the CMEA system of international trade.<span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>  </span>In: <em><b><span style='font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif"; font-style:normal'>Trials of Transition: Economic Reform in the Former Communist Bloc</span></b></em><em><span style='font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif"'>,</span></em> edited by Michael Karen and Guru Offer, <span class=SpellE>Westview</span> Press, Boulder, 1992, 271  289.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p style='margin-top:6.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:6.0pt;margin-left: .5in;text-indent:-.5in'><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif"'>[12b] The transition from socialist trade to European integration.<span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>  </span>In: <em><b><span style='font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif"; font-style:normal'>The EC after 1992 - Perspectives from the Outside</span></b></em><em><span style='font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif"'>,</span></em> edited by <span class=SpellE>Silvio</span> <span class=SpellE>Borner</span> and Herbert <span class=SpellE>Grubel</span>, Cambridge University Press, 1992, pp. 61  <span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>  </span>79.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:31.8pt;margin-bottom: 0in;margin-left:.5in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-.5in;mso-layout-grid-align: none;text-autospace:none'><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif"'>[13] <a href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=MImg&amp;_imagekey=B6V64-3VW8NC3-16-1&amp;_cdi=5804&amp;_orig=browse&amp;_coverDate=04%2F30%2F1996&amp;_sk=999599996&amp;wchp=dGLbVlz-lSzBA&amp;_acct=C000046180&amp;_version=1&amp;_userid=856235&amp;md5=532154476d6893c7a9e0a8f6a2da358e&amp;ie=f.pd%20"><span style='mso-bidi-font-family:Verdana;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none'>The political economy of trade liberalization in the transition</span></a></span><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana'>, <em><b><span style='font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;font-style:normal'>European Economic Review</span></b></em> (Papers and Proceedings), April 1996, 40, pp. 783 - 794.<span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>  </span>Heinrich W. Ursprung, co-author.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p style='margin-top:6.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:6.0pt;margin-left: .5in;text-indent:-.5in'><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif"'>[14a] Protectionist pressures and enterprise restructuring: The political economy of trade policy in transition.<span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>  </span>In: <em><b><span style='font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";font-style:normal'><a href="http://www.springeronline.com/sgw/cda/frontpage/0,10735,5-169-22-1384558-0,00.html"><span style='color:windowtext;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none'>Trade and Tax Policy, Inflation and Exchange Rates</span></a></span></b></em><em><span style='font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif"'>, </span></em>edited by <span class=SpellE>Assaf</span> <span class=SpellE>Razin</span> and Hans-<span class=SpellE>Jürgen</span> <span class=SpellE>Vosgerau</span>, Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg and New York, 1997, 215  243 Manuel Hinds, Branko Milanovic, and Heinrich W. Ursprung, co-authors.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p style='margin-top:6.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:6.0pt;margin-left: .5in;text-indent:-.5in'><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif"'>[14b] What is special about endogenous international trade policy in transition economies?<span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>  </span>In:<em><b><span style='font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";font-style:normal'> <a href="%20http:/www.wkap.nl/prod/b/0-7923-8422-9%20"><span style='color:windowtext; text-decoration:none;text-underline:none'>Balance of Payments, Exchange Rates, and Competitiveness in Transition Economies</span></a></span></b></em>, edited by Mario <span class=SpellE>Blejer</span> and Marko <span class=SpellE>`kreb</span>, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Boston and Dordrecht, 1999, 255  282.<span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>  </span>Heinrich W. Ursprung co-author.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif"'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p> <p><b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif"'>3.5 PUBLIC FINANCE IN TRANSITION<o:p></o:p></span></b></p> <p style='margin-top:6.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:6.0pt;margin-left: 0in'><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif"'>The following papers from World bank volumes describe problems of public finance in the transition. Budgetary consequences in the early transition of the end of the communist system of international trade are described in [15]. [16] <span class=GramE>describes</span> problems of sustaining the tax base.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p style='margin-top:6.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:6.0pt;margin-left: 0in'><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif"'>[15] The government budgetary consequences of reform of the CMEA system of international trade: The case of Hungary.<span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>  </span>In: <em><b><span style='font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif"'><a href="http://publications.worldbank.org/ecommerce/catalog/product?item_id=218991"><span style='font-style:normal;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none'>The Transition from Socialism in Eastern Europe: Domestic Restructuring and Foreign Trade</span></a></span></b></em><em><span style='font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif"'>,</span></em> Arye L. Hillman and Branko Milanovic (Eds.), The World Bank, Washington, DC, 1992, chapter 12, 277-293.<span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>  </span>Istvan Abel, David <span class=SpellE>Tarr</span> co-authors<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif"'>[16] <a href="http://ideas.repec.org/p/wpa/wuwppe/0510009.html"><span style='text-decoration:none;text-underline:none'>The tax base in the transition: The case of Bulgaria</span></a></span><span style='font-size: 9.0pt'>, </span><em><b><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif"; font-style:normal'>Communist Economies and Economic Transformation</span></b></em><em><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif"'>,</span></em><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif"'> December 1994, 6, 267-282.</span><span style='font-size:9.0pt'> <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:.25in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left: 1.25in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo4'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family:Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>·<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span><![endif]><span dir=LTR></span><span style='font-size: 9.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif"'>Policy Research Working Paper number 1267, The World Bank, Washington, DC, March 1994. }eljko Bogeti, co-author.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:.5in; margin-bottom:.0001pt'><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif"'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p> <p style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:.5in; margin-bottom:.0001pt'><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif"'>Updated as:<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:.25in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left: 1.25in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo4'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family:Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>·<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span><![endif]><span dir=LTR></span><span style='font-size: 9.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif"'>The choice of a tax system, in: <em><b><span style='font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";font-style:normal'><a href="http://publications.worldbank.org/ecommerce/catalog/product?item_id=200330"><span style='color:windowtext;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none'>Financing Government in Transition, Bulgaria: The Political Economy of Tax Policies Tax Bases, and Tax Evasion</span></a></span></b></em><em><span style='font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"'>,</span></em> }eljko Bogeti and Arye L. Hillman (Eds.), The World Bank, Washington, D.C., 1995, pp. pp. 33  46. </span><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif"'><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif"'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p> <p><b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif"'>3.6 OTHER ASPECTS OF TRANSITION<o:p></o:p></span></b></p> <p style='margin-top:6.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:6.0pt;margin-left: 0in'><b><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif"'>3.6.1 The rule of law<o:p></o:p></span></b></p> <p style='margin-top:6.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:6.0pt;margin-left: 0in'><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif"'>The role of the rule of law in facilitating transition is described in [17] and [18]. [17] <span class=GramE>was</span> written for presentation at a conference in Belgrade. [18] <span class=GramE>was</span> first published in Russian.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p style='margin-top:6.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:6.0pt;margin-left: .5in;text-indent:-.5in'><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif"'>[17]  The legal system in the transition from social to private property: with reference to <span class=SpellE>Hobbesian</span> anarchy, Locke's natural right of freedom, and the rule of law . In proceedings of conference on<b> <em><span style='font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";font-style:normal'>Challenges</span></em><em><span style='font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif"'> </span></em><em><span style='font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";font-style:normal'>and Opportunities for Economic Transition in Yugoslavia</span></em></b><em><span style='font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif"'>,</span></em> edited by <span class=SpellE>Goran</span> <span class=SpellE>Piti</span>, USAID, Economic Institute, Chesapeake Associates, 1998, pp. 264  69.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p style='margin-top:6.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:6.0pt;margin-left: .5in;text-indent:-.5in'><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif"'>[18]  <a href="books/In%20the%20wilderness.pdf"><span style='text-decoration:none; text-underline:none'>On the way to the promised land: ten years in the wilderness without Moses (English)</span></a>. Published in Russian (translated by Mark Levin). In <em><b><span style='font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif"; font-style:normal'><a href="http://www.maik.ru/"><span style='text-decoration: none;text-underline:none'>Economics and Mathematical Methods -Journal of the Central Economic and Mathematical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences</span></a></span></b></em><em><span style='font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif"'>,</span></em> 2002, 38, pp. 78  94.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p><b><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif"'>3.6.2 Economic statistics in the transition<o:p></o:p></span></b></p> <p style='margin-top:6.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:6.0pt;margin-left: 0in'><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif"'>In a market private-property economy, production and consumption decisions are made before statistics become available. In a planned socialist (communist) system, the statistics precede production and consumption. [19] <span class=GramE>considered</span> the role of statistics in the transition from the latter economic system to the former.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p style='margin-top:6.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:6.0pt;margin-left: .5in;text-indent:-.5in'><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif"'>[19] Some problems of statistical measurement of economic activity in the transition from planned socialism.<span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>  </span>In: <em><b><span style='font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";font-style:normal'>Economies in Transition: Statistical Measures Now and in the Future</span></b></em><em><span style='font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif"'>, </span></em><span class=SpellE>Petr</span> O. <span class=SpellE>Aven</span> (Ed.), International Institute for Applied System Analysis, <span class=SpellE>Laxenburg</span>, Austria, 1991, 69-78.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p><b><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif"'>3.6.3 Country studies<o:p></o:p></span></b></p> <p style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:.5in; margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-.5in'><span style='font-size:9.0pt; font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif"'>[20] Macroeconomic policy in Hungary and its microeconomic implications. In: <em><b><span style='font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif"'>European Economy, Economic Transformation in <st1:country-region w:st="on">Hungary</st1:country-region> and <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:country-region w:st="on">Poland</st1:country-region></st1:place></span></b></em><em><span style='font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif"'>,</span></em> Economic Commission of the European Communities, Directorate-General for Economic and Financial Affairs, March 1990, 43, 55  66.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:.5in; margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-.5in'><span style='font-size:9.0pt; font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif"'>[21] Comment on: Money and credit in the transition of the Czechoslovak Republic. In: <b><i>The Transformation of Socialist Economies</i></b>, edited by Horst Siebert, J.C.B. Mohr Paul <span class=SpellE>Siebeck</span>, <span class=SpellE>Tübingen</span>, 1992, 326  330.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p><b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif"'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></b></p> <p><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif"'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style='mso-yfti-irow:2;mso-yfti-lastrow:yes'> <td style='padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt'> <p><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif"'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> </table> </div> <p class=MsoNormal><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p> </div> </body> </html>